Main Article Content
Abstract
HIV treatment has evolved significantly since the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This review examines the progression from monotherapy to contemporary combination ART regimens. We cover the different classes of antiretroviral drugs, including nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and integrase strand transfer inhibitors. We also discuss the advantages and challenges of single-tablet regimens, treatment simplification, and the role of pharmacokinetic enhancers. The review addresses issues related to drug resistance, treatment failure, and comorbidities. Additionally, we explore recent advancements in long-acting injectables, HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). The review concludes by underscoring the importance of personalized treatment strategies, adherence support, and ongoing research to enhance HIV treatment outcomes and achieve optimal viral suppression.