International Journal of Pharmacology and Clinical Research (IJPCR)

Phytochemical Evaluation and Screening of Anthelmintic Activity of Samanea saman Root

Vamshi Sharathnath Kaveti — 2024-07-16

Since plants possess diverse medicinal properties because of having some specific active ingredients, different organs of the same plant species may be effective against different diseases, or in some cases, if one organ has a healing effect, the other may be toxic, due to the presence of different active ingredients. The genus Samanea saman is the largest and more diverse of the family, comprising more than 560 species of vines, lianas, trees, and shrubs, commonly used for their fruits and derivatives, and as ornamental and medicinal plants. Samanea saman is a prominent medicinal plant with major phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, phenolic and steroids constituents those are potent for potential therapeutic practice. The present aim of the research work is to assess the anthelmintic activity of ethyl acetate extract of Samanea saman root against Indian earth worms. Albendazole was used as standard reference and saline water as control. The anthelmintic activity of ethyl acetate extract was comparable with that of standard drug albendazole. At the concentration of 100 mg/ml extract of showed similar significant activity as compared to the standard drug albendazole (100 mg/ml), the time of paralysis and death being 15 min and 25 min respectively. Further work will emphasize the isolation and characterization of active principles responsible for anthelmintic activity of Samanea saman.

Exploration of anti-urolithiatic potential of ethanolic root extract of Pisonia alba in wistar rats

S. Kameshwaran — 2024-07-24

The root of Pisonia alba (Family: Nyctaginaceae), extract was investigated for its antiurolithiatic activity. Ethylene glycol (0.75% in water) feeding resulted in hyperoxaluria as well as increased renal excretion of calcium and phosphate. Ethanolic extract (250 & 500 mg/kg) of P. alba was given orally in curative and preventive regimens over a period of 28 days. Supplementation with extract significantly (P < 0.001) lowered the urinary excretion and kidney retention levels of oxalate, calcium and phosphate. Furthermore, high serum levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid were significantly (P < 0.001) reduced by the extract. The results were comparable with the standard drug, cystone (750 mg/kg). The reduction of stone-forming constituents in urine and their decreased kidney retention reduces the solubility product of crystallizing salts such as calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, which could contribute to the antiurolithiatic property of the extract. These findings affirm assertions made regarding the effectiveness of the extract of this plant against urinary pathologies in Indian folk medicine.

Evaluation of anti-epileptic activity of tuberous barks of morinda reticulata gamble by maximal electroshock and isoniazid induced convulsion in wistar rats

S. Kameshwaran — 2024-07-26

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the antiepileptic activity of ethanolic extract of tuberous barks of Morinda reticulata gamble in mice. The antiepileptic activity of ethanolic extract of M. reticulata at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. was evaluated by maximum electroshock (MES), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and isoniazid (INH)-induced convulsions in mice. Statistical analysis was carried out by one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett's test. In MES method, the chloroform extract significantly protected the mice from convulsions induced by electroshock method in a dose-dependent manner and exhibited more activity at the dose of 400 mg/kg when compared with Phenytoin (25mg/kg p.o) treated animals. In PTZ method, the extract inhibited convulsions in mice potent than standard drug. In INH method, it delayed the latency of convulsions in mice in a dose-dependent manner. The ethanolic extract exhibited significant and dose-dependent antiepileptic activity, which may be due to the presence of antioxidant principles like flavonoids.

Evaluation of in-vitro and in-vivo anticancer activity of leaf extracts of pisonia alba

S. Kameshwaran — 2024-07-26

Pisonia alba leaves have been traditionally used for many ailments including cancer. In the present study, anti-cancer activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Pisonia alba (EEPA) was evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo methods. EEPA was subjected to preliminary qualitative phytochemical investigations by using standard procedures. In vitro antitumor activity of EEPA was evaluated by the MTT assay method using The human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). Then the extract subjected to in vivo anti cancer activity using Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) tumor model. The activity was assessed Increase in life span, average increase in body weight, changes in food intake, tumor volume, tumor weight, viable cell count, non viable cell count, PCV, Total cell count and hematological studies. The potency of the extract was compared with standard 5-flurouracil (20 mg/kg i.p.).In in vitro anti cancer activity EEPA exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against both cell lines even at different concentrations. Oral administration of EEPA at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/Kg, significantly (p < 0.001) increased the survival time, non viable cell count and decreased the average body weight and food intake, viable cell count of the tumor bearing mice. After 14 days of inoculation, EEPA was able to reverse the changes in the hematological parameters, protein and PCV consequent to tumor inoculation.The results indicate that EEPA possess significant antitumor activity on dose dependent manner.

Novel Biomarkers for Early Detection and Management of Type 2 Diabetes

B. Shailendra — 2024-07-26

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive beta-cell dysfunction. It has become a significant public health issue due to its rising prevalence and association with various complications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TYPE 2 DIABETES, including its pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and management strategies. We also discuss the latest advancements in treatment and ongoing research aimed at improving patient outcomes. Identifying and understanding biomarkers for TYPE 2 DIABETES can significantly enhance diagnosis, monitor disease progression, and inform therapeutic strategies. This review explores emerging biomarkers in TYPE 2 DIABETES, focusing on their role in diagnosis, disease progression, and potential as therapeutic targets. We discuss genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, and metabolomic biomarkers, highlighting recent advancements and future directions in the field.

Anti-parkinsoniasm Effect Of Syzygium Cumini Fruit Attenuates MPTP Induced Parkinsonism In Mice

Pavithra Duraisamy — 2024-07-26

The present investigation has been undertaken as study the anti-parkinson activity of ethanolic extract of syzygium cumini fruit.The plant Syzygiumcumini of family Myrtaceae an ayurvedic herb which is known for its significant medical properties. Experiments were conducted following standard procedures. The ethanolic extract of Syzygiumcumini were evaluated for their invivo antioxidant and anti-parkison properties and neurotransmitters level. The antiparkinson activity of EESC was evaluated using MPTP induced parkinson models. Levodopa was used as standard. Extracts treated groups showed higher invivo antioxidant and antiparkinson activities. They also showed higher activity in neurotransmitters level. EESC exhibited better anti-parkinson activity that of standard. The result may be attributed to the chemical constituents such as cyanidindiglycosides present in it which may be due to their individual or cumulative effect that enhanced anti-parkinson activity and provided scientific evidence of the ethnomedicinal futures of syzygiumcumini fruit. These findings could justify the inclusion of this plant in the management of parkinson’s disease.